Peter, a 60 year-old Caucasian policeman, complains of a painful burning sensation in his lower extremities lasting for several months. Lower limbs petechiae (small purple/red hemorrhagic spots) appeared one week…

A 28 year old HIV-infected man presented to a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) clinic with a large cauliflower like wart on the shaft of his penis. The wart had appeared...

A 7 year old girl was brought in by her mother with a three day history of headache, pain in the left ear, fever and vomiting. Her mother was concerned…

A 34 year old female patient was brought into the outpatient clinic by her family who were concerned about her progressive forgetfulness and inability to take care of herself. She…

A 53 year old male, originally from India, presented to the clinic for a renewal of his hypertension medication. On routine weighing it was noted that he had lost 8…

A three and a half month old boy presents to the emergency room with a 1 day history of apnoea. Earlier in the day he had received his routine immunizations.…

Four weeks after starting ARVs an 11 month old baby presented with a one-week history of a right axillary swelling which was found to be 2.5cm in diameter, hard, tender…

A 10 year old boy presents with a 3 week history of weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting and a cough. No toxin ingestion has been noted and the family denies any…

A 10 year old girl recently diagnosed with HIV (WHO stage 4), presents with a 12 day history of diarrhoea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and abdominal cramps. She has remained afebrile…

A previously healthy 6–year-old boy is brought to the emergency room with a 3-day history of fever, neck stiffness and a one day history of a generalised maculopapular rash.He has…

A 17 year old adolescent presents to a refugee camp infirmary obtunded. He has been febrile for the last 4 days and has been complaining of back pain and stomach…

An eight month old boy presented with failure to thrive and recurrent infections including dissemination of his BCG vaccination. HIV ELISA test was negative. 8 months old: child presented with…

A 17 year old male presents to the hospital emergency room with a one week history of headache, fever, sore throat, painful swellings in the neck and muscle aches. He…

A 7 year old girl presented to her local hospital for the second time in 3 months with arthralgia, a migratory skin rash and fever for 5 days. She was…

A 20-year-old woman, in her first trimester of pregnancy, presents to the ante-natal clinic (ANC) for routine care. After counseling she volunteered for HIV testing and was found to be…

A two year 1 month old boy who has been on TB treatment and antiretroviral therapy for the past 9 months presents with failure to thrive despite adherence and nutritional…

On 18th July 2006, 6 weeks after introduction of ARVs, an 11 month old baby presented with a one-week history of a right axillary swelling, 2.5cm in diameter noted to…

Mr GH was a 59 year old factory worker from Cape Town. He presented to GSH with a 2 week history of fever, rigors, weakness and a fine maculopapular rash.…

A 5 ½ year old male child is referred from an HIV treatment clinic to the paediatric department at his local hospital because he was noted to be severely anaemic…

An HIV positive 27 year old female on antiretroviral therapy (ART) presented to her HIV clinic with a two week history of progressively worsening twitching and clumsiness in her right…

A 22-year-old male presented to his physician complaining of a fever and sore throat with enlarged, tender lymph nodes in his neck for the last 24 hours. He was now…

A 10-month-old boy presented to a private maternal and child health hospital with severe irritability and floppiness. He had been fully immunized and was breastfed until 9 months of age.…

A 25 year old female presented to her primary healthcare physician complaining of swollen hands for the last week. She had also noticed that over the last two days she…