Clive Gray

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A new genetic approach for diagnosing Common Variable Immunodeficiency

June 16th, 2016 Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic group of primary immunodeficiency (PID) syndromes. The hallmark of CVID......

Clive GrayJune 16, 2016

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Immune Ontogeny and the microbiome

Intra-dermal vaccination is largely dependent on efficient antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes according to a paper published in the Journal of Dermatological Science......

Clive GrayMay 17, 2016

A New Rapid Antigen Test for Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1)

A case report published in the New Microbes and New Infections journal describes for the first time the use of an antigen detection assay for the rapid identification of the…

Clive GrayApril 20, 2016

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Antigen Delivery to the Draining Lymph Nodes is a Key to Intradermal Vaccination Efficacy

Intra-dermal vaccination is largely dependent on efficient antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes according to a paper published in the Journal of Dermatological Science......

Clive GrayApril 20, 2016

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Trivalent Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) is Non-Superior to Live-Attenuated Oral Poliovirus Vaccine

A recent study on infants in China has successfully demonstrated that primary and booster vaccination with an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)

Clive GrayMarch 21, 2016

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Intact Ovine Immunoglobulin (EBOTAb) to Treat Ebola Virus Infection?

Researchers have now developed EBOTAb, a pool of intact ovine immunoglobulin G, which has been shown to neutralize Ebola virus (EBOV) in vitro. The primary target was the highly glycosylated…

Clive GrayMarch 21, 2016

A novel immune mechanism of killing HIV infected cells

One of the most effective ways the immune system controls the spread of viral infection is through killing of infected cells. One strategy HIV uses to avoid infected cells from…

Clive GrayFebruary 11, 2016

Protecting Mucosal immunity in HIV positive people with combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors

One of the pathologic events in HIV-infected individuals is the systemic inflammation caused by gut damage and translocation of microbial products into the circulation.

Clive GrayFebruary 1, 2016

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Solving the 50-year-old riddle: the link between Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Endemic Burkitt’s Lymphoma

26th January, 2016 It has been conundrum for a long time: the link between endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma (eBL) with Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection

Clive GrayJanuary 26, 2016

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Why older people may succumb more readily to pneumonia

19th January, 2016 Age is known to be related to the levels of increased inflammatory cytokines in the blood and tissues. General inflammatory conditions

Clive GrayJanuary 19, 2016

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Does Chlamydia infection result in increased HIV susceptibility?

14th January, 2016 Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. In areas of high HIV transmission rates, especially in young females

Clive GrayJanuary 14, 2016

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A new theory to explain autoimmunity: The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity

4th January, 2016 All cells of the body are made of four classes of molecules: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and glycans. Of the four, glycans have been least studied

Clive GrayJanuary 4, 2016

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Success of passive HIV immunization?

There has been a plethora of newly discovered HIV neutralizing antibodies (NaB) made over the past 5 years. One such NaB is known as VRC01 and recognizes the CD4 binding…

Clive GrayDecember 24, 2015

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Herd Immunity: immunology meets public health

The impact of immunity to a pathogen at the person level is important for influencing host health as well as how pathogens evolve. The impact of immunity

Clive GrayDecember 22, 2015

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Associations between infant chubbiness and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is principally transmitted by the mosquito A. aegypti. It represents the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral illness in humans, where over 50%

Clive GrayDecember 17, 2015

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Do we need to re-think vaccine strategies to elicit anti-HIV antibodies?

A vaccine that can elicit neutralizing antibodies to HIV, and thus lead to protection from infection, is the holy grail of..

Clive GrayDecember 15, 2015

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SIV infection of Tfh Cells in monkeys

There are multiple subsets of CD4+ T cells: Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 to name a few, which are defined by the cytokines they liberate that direct specific immune responses

Clive GrayDecember 11, 2015

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Can wearing silver damage your health?

Many consumer products made of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) could increase susceptibility to infectious pathogens. Systemic uptake of AgNP by macrophages can lead to alterations in their

Clive GrayDecember 8, 2015

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Immune and viral events leading up to acute Infectious Mononucleosis

Dec 4th, 2015 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that causes acute infectious mononucleosis and is associated.....

Clive GrayDecember 4, 2015

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World AIDS Day Message

The 1st December 2015 is World AIDS day and another year of progress towards ending the epidemic. There are now 15 million people on life-saving antiretroviral drug treatments

Clive GrayDecember 1, 2015

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Genetically modified commensal bacteria used as a possible HIV vaccine adjunct

Nov 30th, 2015 It is desirable to strive towards an HIV vaccine that elicits mucosal protective immunity to prevent infection of immune cells

Clive GrayNovember 30, 2015

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Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission in African children in the first year of life

Nov 27th, 2015 A recent study published in The Lancet showed the efficacy and safety of two infant drug regimens....

Clive GrayNovember 27, 2015

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Levels of PD-L1 Expression on target cells helps to establish viral latency

Nov 23rd, 2015 During HIV infection, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are able to eliminate virally infected cells at the acute stage of infection.

Clive GrayNovember 23, 2015

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Microbial Gut diversity predicts immune status during HIV-1 infection

Nov 20th, 2015 It is known that HIV-1 infection alters intestinal barrier, causes gut microbiota dysbiosis, and results in systemic inflammation.

Clive GrayNovember 20, 2015

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Stasis of CD8+ T Cells in the brain is a Signature of Cerebral Malaria

Nov 18th, 2015 In the November 12th edition of PloS Pathogens, Shaw et al explored the role of CD8+ T cells in an experimental model of cerebral malaria

Clive GrayNovember 17, 2015

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Diversity of lipid envelopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Nov 17th, 2015 Multi-drug resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) hamper global efforts to control the spread of TB, a threat to public health

Clive GrayNovember 15, 2015

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A new reservoir of HIV found within peripheral Vδ2 T cells

Nov 13th, 2015 Conventional T cells (which have an alpha:beta T cell receptor) make up the majority of T cells in the peripheral circulation....

Clive GrayNovember 13, 2015

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A new marker denotes exhausted CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infections

Nov 11th, 2015 Persistent viruses induce a state of chronic viral infection that is characterized by inducing a state of T cell........

Clive GrayNovember 11, 2015

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New antibodies that target sugars on the HIV-1 envelope

Nov 9th, 2015 The CD4 binding site on the gp120 portion of the envelope protein of HIV-1 is a vulnerable site, that when targeted could cripple ...

Clive GrayNovember 9, 2015

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Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as first-line ART in African Children

Oct 9th, 2015 There have been no paediatric trials which have compared nucleoside reverse-transcriptase..

Clive GrayOctober 9, 2015

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What causes the high mutation rates of HIV-1 in the human body?

Oct 7th, 2015 It has been known for a long time that HIV-1 mutates rapidy, and does so to escape the pressure

Clive GrayOctober 7, 2015

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Is Adipose Tissue a viral reservoir?

Oct 5th, 2015 Adipose tissue is made up of adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which comprises immune cells such as CD4+ T cells....

Clive GrayOctober 4, 2015

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Combination Antibiotic and Pidotimod Therapy against Pneumonia

Sept 15th, 2015 This recent study published in the Journal of Translational Medicine reports for the first time

Clive GraySeptember 14, 2015

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Extracellular vesicles as a vaccine candidate against Staphylococcus aureus infections

Sept 11th, 2015 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the major cause of pneumonia, osteomyelitis and sepsis and is also one

Clive GraySeptember 11, 2015

breaking news

New Mechanism underlying Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis

Sept 1st, 2015 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joints and while the cause of RA is...

Clive GraySeptember 1, 2015

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Novel model provides quantitative explanation of CD4+ T Cells pathway in vivo

Sept 9th, 2015 Vaccine regimens are often administered in prime-boost combinations. This approach is aimed at eliciting...

Clive GrayAugust 28, 2015

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Pregnancy Induces Activation of Aged Dormant Muscle Progenitor Cells

August 23, 2015 Aging is associated with a decline in cell and tissue regenerative capacity due to changes in growth...

Clive GrayAugust 24, 2015

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The microbes within us – the microbiological niche of the lungs

August 25, 2015 It is fast becoming evident that our lungs are not a sterile environment, but a micro-environment rich....

Clive GrayAugust 24, 2015

Advancing Global Online Immunology Education for 20 years