October 2025

Why do some people get dangerously ill from infections while others recover quickly? Age, sex, smoking, and obesity have long been known to raise risk, but what connects these seemingly…

A new study maps how immune and brain cells interact to sustain long-term inflammation in multiple sclerosis (Figure 1). Figure 1: Graphical abstract. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is often described as…

Lung transplantation offers a vital lifeline for patients with end-stage lung disease, yet more than 50% of lung-transplant recipients experience organ rejection within five years. Despite decades of research, the…

When our immune system launches an attack, precision is everything. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells act as the body’s elite assassins, releasing microscopic “toxic granules” that destroy virus-infected…

Immunology is entering a new technological era. From humanized mouse models and organ-on-chip systems to multi-omic sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, researchers now have unprecedented ways to observe and manipulate the…

A new gene therapy has successfully restored long-term immune function in 59 of 62 children born with ADA-SCID (adenosine deaminase deficiency–severe combined immunodeficiency), a rare and fatal genetic disorder that…

As humanity prepares for a new era of space exploration, from commercial missions to potential colonies on the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human body responds to life beyond…

A treatment originally designed for cancer may hold promise for people living with HIV. A new Phase 1 clinical trial, reports that budigalimab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting programmed cell…

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi (Figure 1) for their landmark discoveries revealing how the immune…

A new study from researchers has uncovered how HIV hides in different parts of the body by integrating into the DNA of infected cells in a tissue-specific manner (Figure 1).…

Inflammation is now recognised as a central force behind the entire course of atherosclerosis (Figure 1), from its earliest vascular changes to life-threatening complications such as heart attack and stroke.…

Fibroblasts are structural cells that shape tissue architecture and immune environments, but their heterogeneity has been difficult to capture. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial genomics, researchers created a comprehensive…

Researchers have discovered that colonic inflammation serves as the earliest trigger in a signalling cascade that drives excess insulin production in obesity (Figure 1). The study, published recently, highlights a…