January 2019

Gene expression analysis of ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells. (A) PCA of unstimulated IFN-g2 (gray) and ZIKV-stimulated IFN-g2 (black) and IFNg+ (red). DENV pre-exposed (circles) and DENV naive (square) are also shown (

What can ZIKV-CD8 T cells do ?

Vaccines rely on the induction of adaptive T and B cells responses to confer long term immunity. A potential challenge to inducing protective ZIKV immunity by vaccination, is pre-existing dengue…

ChelekaJanuary 30, 2019

Model of IFN-γ–producing Tfh cell differentiation. In the T cell zone, once naive CD4 T cell is activated, T-bet is transiently expressed by a subset of BCL-6+/– cells. T-bet is then down-regulated by BCL-6 when it migrates into the B cell zone and GC and differentiates into mature Tfh cells. These ex–T-bet Tfh cells have the capability to produce IFN-γ in addition to IL-21 and highly express cell surface protein NKG2D. As a general hypothesis, transient induction of T-bet, GATA3, or RORγt during Tfh cell differentiation may determine the generation of IFN-γ–, IL-4–, or IL-17–producing Tfh cell subsets. However, generalization of this model requires future development of new genetic tools, including mouse strains carrying inducible Cre driven by the Gata3 or Rorc locus. (Source: Kaech 2018 JEM)

breaking news

Can some Tfh cells produce IFN-𝛾 ?

Tfh cells predominantly produce IL-21, however growing evidence has shows that these cells in vivo can also produce IFN-𝛾 (Th1) and IL-4 (Th2) cytokines. This suggests that the dogma of…

ChelekaJanuary 25, 2019

Correlation between IFN values obtained by QFT and E6FI in all participants was assessed by Spearman test. The dotted lines denote assay cut-offs: 0.35 IU/mL for QFT (vertical line) and 0.61 IU/mL for E6FI (horizontal line).(Source: Nemes et al., 2019)

breaking news

Have you heard of the ESAT-6 free IGRA ?

One of the proposed strategies to combat the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is the development of pre-exposure vaccines that prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. In theory, such a vaccine would induce…

ChelekaJanuary 23, 2019

breaking news

Are distinct monocyte subsets associated with severe Chagas diseases?

Argentinian researchers (Pérez-Mazliah et al.,) aimed to evaluate frequencies of these 3 different monocyte populations during different phases of Chagas...

ChelekaJanuary 18, 2019

Sheward et al., 2018 Graphical Abstract.

breaking news

Does HIV superinfection induce an additive or synergistic Ab effect?

Understanding immune responses in individuals who have HIV superinfections* could be the key to understanding how the immune system responds to sequential exposure...

ChelekaJanuary 16, 2019

c Representative immunohistochemical analysis of draining cervical lymph node from a patient with head and neck cancer showing CD169 (brown) and CD138 (red) expression. Hematoxylin nuclear counterstain (blue). Scale bar =100μm (Source Moran et al., 2018 Fig. 7c)

breaking news

Where do memory B cells get reactivated?

Vaccines harness this arm of immunity by typically inducing long lived plasma cells and/or memory B cells (MBC) that secrete antibodies (Ab)*.Unlike plasma cells, MBCs do not continuously produce Abs...

ChelekaJanuary 11, 2019

breaking news

Strain specific host restriction of recurrent UTIs

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) are one of the most common bacterial infections that predominantly affects women. Some individuals spontaneously resolve UTI, whereas other others require…

ChelekaJanuary 8, 2019

What can ZIKV-CD8 T cells do ?

Can some Tfh cells produce IFN-𝛾 ?

Have you heard of the ESAT-6 free IGRA ?

Are distinct monocyte subsets associated with severe Chagas diseases?

Does HIV superinfection induce an additive or synergistic Ab effect?

Where do memory B cells get reactivated?

Strain specific host restriction of recurrent UTIs

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